Changes of Interleukins in Patients with Nosocomial Pneumonia Against a Background of Traumatic Brain Injury: Role in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Disease

Introduction. Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is the second leading frequency and mortality among nosocomial infections. NP is a frequent complication of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The difficulty in diagnosis and monitoring of disease NP on the background of TBI is that the usual signs NP "masked" manifestations of the underlying disease.The aim of our study was to improve the diagnosis and assess the effectiveness of the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia with clarithromycin by studying of serum interleukins in patients with nosocomial pneumonia on the background of traumatic brain injury.Materials and methods. We determined levels of TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10. We examined 45 patients with isolated TBI, 44 patients with NP (standard treatment scheme), 49 patients with NP, each therapy with clarithromycin. The control group was 33 relatively healthy people.Conclusions. The study revealed a significant increase in the concentration of interleukin TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in the serum of patients with NP on the background of TBI compared with patients with isolated TBI and healthy individuals. Our study found significantly lower concentrations of interleukin TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in the serum of patients after treatment with the addition of clarithromycin compared with patients with standard therapy

Hard and Soft Excitation Regimes of Kerr Frequency Combs

We theoretically study the stability conditions and excitation regimes of hyper-parametric oscillation and Kerr frequency comb generation in continuously pumped nonlinear optical resonators possessing anomalous group velocity dispersion. We show that both hard and soft excitation regimes are possible in the resonators. Selection between the regimes is achieved via change in the parameters of the pumping light.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure

Transient Regime of Kerr Frequency Comb Formation

Temporal growth of an optical Kerr frequency comb generated in a microresonator is studied both experimentally and numerically. We find that the comb emerges from vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field on timescales significantly exceeding the ringdown time of the resonator modes. The frequency harmonics of the comb spread starting from the optically pumped mode if the microresonator is characterized with anomalous group velocity dispersion. The harmonics have different growth rates resulting from sequential four-wave mixing process that explains intrinsic modelocking of the comb.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes

We report measurements of cavity-QED effects for the radiative coupling of atoms in a dilute vapor to the external evanescent field of a whispering-gallery mode (WGM) in a fused silica microsphere. The high Q (5 x 10^(7)), small mode volume (10^(-8) cm^(3)), and unusual symmetry of the microcavity evanescent field enable velocity-selective interactions between fields with photon number of order unity in the WGM and (N) over bar(T) similar to 1 atoms in the surrounding vapor

Miniature Optical Atomic Clock: Stabilization of a Kerr Comb Oscillator

Mechanical clocks consist of a pendulum and a clockwork that translates the pendulum period to displayed time. The most advanced clocks utilize optical transitions in atoms in place of the pendulum and an optical frequency comb generated by a femtosecond laser as the clockwork. The comb must be stabilized at two points along its frequency spectrum: one with a laser to lock a comb line to a transition in the atom, and another through self referencing to stabilize the frequency interval between the comb lines. This approach requires advanced techniques, so optical atomic clocks are currently laboratory devices in specialized labs. In this paper we leverage unique properties of Kerr comb oscillators for realization of optical atomic clocks in miniature form factors. In particular, we describe a clock based on D1 transition of 87Rb that fits in the palm of the hand, and can be further miniaturized to chip scale.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

К вопросу об асимметрии теоретико-игровой семантике

This article offers an analysis of the key aspects of the game-theoretic semantics, and demonstrates its advantages regarding the presentation of incomplete information and imperfect recall in comparison with Frege — Russell fi rst-order logic. The article offers a review of some limitations of the game-theoretic semantics towards the problem of asymmetry in semantic games. Author provides an overview of the concurrent game-theoretic semantics.В статье обсуждаются ключевые аспекты теоретико-игровой семантики, и демонстрируются ее преимущества в деле анализа игр с несовершенной информацией и несовершенной памятью по сравнению с логикой первого порядка Фреге — Рассела. В статье обсуждаются ограничения теоретико-игровой семантики Я. Хинтикки относительно проблемы асимметрии в семантических играх. Представлен обзор характеристик параллельной теоретико-игровой семантики